(DOWNLOAD) "Septuagint: Genesis" by Scriptural Research Institute " eBook PDF Kindle ePub Free
eBook details
- Title: Septuagint: Genesis
- Author : Scriptural Research Institute
- Release Date : January 03, 2020
- Genre: Judaism,Books,Religion & Spirituality,Bible Studies,
- Pages : * pages
- Size : 518 KB
Description
In the mid-3rd century BC, King Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt ordered a translation of the ancient Hebrew scriptures for the Library of Alexandria, which resulted in the creation of the Septuagint. The original version, published circa 250 BC, only included the Torah, or in Greek terms, the Pentateuch. The Torah is the five books traditionally credited to Moses, circa 1500 BC: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. According to Jewish tradition, the original Torah was lost when the Babylonians destroyed the Temple of Solomon and was then rewritten by Ezra the Scribe from memory during the Second Temple period. It is generally accepted that there were several versions written in Hebrew or Samaritan before the translation of the Septuagint. Fragments of the Torah have been found in four languages among the dead sea scrolls, generally dated to between 200 BC and 600 AD.
During this time land of Judea passed from the rule of the Ptolemys in Egypt to the rule of the Seleucids in Syria around 200 BC. The Seleucids attempted to Hellenize the Judeans, erecting a statue of Zeus in the Second Temple in Jerusalem, and effectively banning traditional Judaism. This Hellenizing activity was partially successful, creating the Sadducee faction of Judaism, however also led the Maccabean Revolt in 165 BC, which itself created the independent Hasmonean Kingdom of Judea. This kingdom was violently xenophobic and led by a priestly monarchy that combined both the powers of the state and the church. The Hasmoneans blamed the Greeks for all of Judea's problems, and attempted to forge an alliance with the Roman republic. The Hasmoneans appear to have promoted Yahweh Sabaoth partially in order to forge closer ties with the Romans, as Yahweh (Iaw or Iah) was pronounced very similar to Jupiter (Iove).
While the Hasmoneans ruled Judea, they converted the national script from the old Canaanite script, today called Paleo-Hebrew, to the Assyrian 'block script,' today called Hebrew. As a result, almost all surviving texts found from the Hasmonean era and later are written in the Assyrian script, and it is unclear how much the Hasmoneans redacted the scriptures when they transcribed them. The scriptures the Hasmoneans left the world were later used as the basis of the Masoretic Texts, which are used today by Rabbinical Jews, as well as by Catholic and Protestant Christians.
The differences between the Masoretic Texts and the Septuagint are both minor and startling, as the two sets of scriptures contain the same stories, but different Gods. The Masoretic Texts are mostly about the actions of Yahweh, Yahweh Elohim, Yahweh Sabaoth, or Elohim, while the Septuagint contains the Greek translations of various god’s names that appear to have been redacted by the Hasmoneans. The God of the book of Genesis in the Septuagint is called Lord God, or simplified to Lord or God. These terms are mirrored in the Masoretic Texts by Yahweh Elohim, Yahweh, and Elohim, respectively. One explanation for the difference between the texts is the Christian redaction of the 3rd-century AD, when the name Yahweh was removed from the Septuagint, replaced by Lord. Fragments of older Septuagint manuscripts still exist that contain the name Yahweh, transliterated into Greek as Iaw, however, none of the fragments of the Book of Genesis include the name. The name Yahweh is also not found in any of fragments of Genesis found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, which supports the Septuagint’s translation from circa 250 BC being the unredacted version.
 "Septuagint: Genesis" by Scriptural Research Institute " eBook PDF Kindle ePub Free){kind=link}